Sinomenine

Molecule structure of sinomenine

Sinomenine is an alkaloid compound extracted from the root and stem of the plant Sinomenium acutum, which is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has a molecular formula of C19H23NO4 and is known for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.

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Product Detail

Product Name	Sinomenine
CAS No.	115-53-7
Catalog	ALKS115537
Molecular Weight	329.4
Molecular Formula	C19H23NO4
Purity	≥ 98%
Appearance	White crystalline powder
Melting Point	183 °C
Extract Source	The roots and stems of Sinomenium acutum Rehd.et Wils.
Solubility	Soluble in ethanol, acetone, chloroform and dilute alkali, benzene, slightly soluble in water, ether and benzene.
Application	Used for content determination, identification, pharmacological experiments, activity screening, etc.
Storage	Refrigerate at 4 °C, seal tightly, and avoid light (valid for 2 years under this condition).

Applications of Sinomenine

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Sinomenine is widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to its anti-inflammatory effects. It helps in reducing the swelling and pain associated with RA.
Pain Relief: It is used as an analgesic for various types of pain, including neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain. Its pain-relieving properties are due to its ability to modulate the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Anti-inflammatory: Sinomenine is used to treat various inflammatory conditions, not just limited to arthritis. It has shown effectiveness in reducing inflammation in multiple models of inflammation.
Immunosuppression: It is also applied in conditions where immune suppression is necessary, such as in autoimmune diseases, to reduce the activity of the immune system.
Neuroprotective Effects: Research has indicated that Sinomenine might have neuroprotective effects, potentially beneficial in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease.
Anticancer Properties: Some studies suggest that Sinomenine has anticancer properties, inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in various types of cancers.

Mechanism of Action

Sinomenine's mechanism of action is complex and involves multiple pathways:

Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway

Sinomenine inhibits the activation of NF-κB, a protein complex that controls the transcription of DNA, cytokine production, and cell survival. NF-κB is often active in inflammatory conditions, and its inhibition by Sinomenine helps reduce inflammation.

Suppression of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines

Sinomenine suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. These cytokines are involved in the inflammatory response and their suppression helps reduce inflammation and pain.

Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) and Lipoxygenase (LOX)

Sinomenine inhibits the activity of COX and LOX enzymes, which are involved in the production of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This inhibition contributes to its anti-inflammatory effects.

Modulation of Immune Cells

Sinomenine modulates the activity of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and macrophages. It inhibits the proliferation of T cells and reduces the production of antibodies by B cells, which helps in reducing the immune response.

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